As ingredients or components for animal and fish feeds, forage beans are well-known sources of protein and energy, although low in some sulfur amino acids. Forage beans have a total protein content between soybean meal and grains. As with all raw materials, total crude protein (calculated as nitrogen x 6.25) varies between crops, growing conditions, and year; however, on average, protein values remain standard, and feed manufacturers use established values for forage beans of about 25%. In a study of commonly grown bean varieties (spring or winter), very little variation in protein was found between pea varieties (Bastianelli et al., 1995).